నైరూప్య

Cell Cycle Dysregulation in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Maryam Inayat*, Zunaira Akram, Safoora Tariq, Ayesha Ahmed, Nida Fatima, Abdul Ghuffran, Muzammil Hussain

This review details the numerous regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular homeostasis and their significance for cancer development. The control focuses on proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. These activities control cell destiny and avoid abnormalities. This topic focuses on the cell cycle, a tightly synchronized sequence. Cancer is characterized by recurrent deregulation of this system. CDKs and cyclins coordinate the positive acceleration of cell cycle progression. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CKIs) impede growth in response to regulatory signals. Cancer originates from abnormal expressions of genes that promote cell development and repression of genes that inhibit cell growth in this carefully balanced system. As we get further into the molecular landscape, we focus on cancer's modest cell cycle disruption. Lack of cell cycle checkpoint regulation causes genetic instability and uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer. Hyperactivating mutations in growth signaling networks and the lack of tumor suppressor proteins accelerate cancer cell proliferation. The cell cycle machinery, which integrates upstream signaling cascades, is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target. Expanding on this scientific inquiry, DNA replication machinery and cell division proteins are examined in detail. This review finds novel cancer biomarkers that might be utilized for diagnosis and prediction. This lays the groundwork for cell cycle-targeted therapies