నైరూప్య

Multiband Fractal Antenna for wireless communication

Ancy P V, Satya Bhushan Sukla,A K Prakash3, K K Mukundan

Wider bandwidth is required in modern wireless communication. Traditionally each antenna operates at a single frequency band, where a different antenna is needed for different application. This will take more space for occupation. This paper presents a novel multiband fractal antenna for wireless communication. Fractals have self similar shapes and space filling properties. This property makes the fractal antenna compact and operating in multiband frequencies. The fractal antenna is formed by applying a generator shape repetitively at a constant scale factor and results in an antenna with log-periodic characteristics which is a multiband antenna and a miniaturization characteristic. ISM band (Industrial, Scientific and Medical bands) and GSM band are mostly used wireless bands. The operating frequencies of proposed fractal structure cover two GSM bands and one ISM band. Sierpinski and Minkowski fractal structures are simulated. Fractal with PIFA structure compromise size reduction. PIFA is one of the most promising antenna types because it is small and has a low profile, making it suitable for mounting on portable equipment. Sierpinski-PIFA gives 35% size reduction and 60% size reduction is possible using Minkowski- PIFA structure. The radiating element is etched on Nalco substrate with dielectric constant of 4.2. The Antenna was simulated using CST Microwave Studio based on FDTD method. Antenna design is discussed in detail and results obtained are presented here.