నైరూప్య

A Review of Turning of Hard Steels using Different Cutting Tool Materials and Machining Parameters

Priya Shinde*, S. D. Deshmukh  

This paper presents the information about the state of research in hard turning and its monitoring, under three broad headings, namely (i) The science and technology of hard turning (ii) The various monitoring techniques that were developed for the process monitoring of hard turning and lastly (iii) Certain specific acoustic emission-based monitoring techniques and signal processing, employed to monitor the conventional turning operations, as it is intended to use these techniques for monitoring hard turning. Hard turning is a recent technology that involves machining of hard steels using modern machine tools. Hard machining presents challenges in terms of selection of tool insert with improved tool life and high-precision machining. Turning of hardened steels using single-point cutting tool has got considerable interest among manufacturers of ball bearings, automotive, gear, and die industry. The researchers have worked on many facets of machining of hardened steel using different tool materials and came up with their own recommendations. Researchers have tried to investigate the effects of cutting parameters, tool materials, different coatings and tool geometry on different machinability aspects like, the tool life, surface roughness, cutting forces, chip morphology, residual stresses and the tool-chip interface temperature under dry and/or semi-dry and/or flood cooling environment during machining of hardened steels while many of them have ventured to characterize the wear phenomenon. This paper presents a broad literature review on machining of hardened steels using coated and uncoated tools, studies related to hard turning, different cooling methods and attempts made so far to model machining performance(s) so as to give proper attention to the various researcher works.